有关金融危机的英语作文

2024-05-14 02:49

1. 有关金融危机的英语作文

Financial Crisis Impact on China
Although China's financial institutions, some enterprises hold some U.S. financial institutions, bonds or assets, but not large scale. These financial institutions in China are joint ventures and investment projects, the situation may have some impact on business in China. But in general, the impact can be controlled. The impact of U.S. financial turmoil investment, consumption, employment, income, such as the Lehman bankruptcy, there are about 20,000 employees will lose their jobs, dimensionless loan crisis more people unemployed. Decline in its consumption and investment, will reduce imports from China. Increase the rate of depreciation of the dollar to dollar-denominated price of the product will be.
Many of our imports are denominated in U.S. dollars, while imports increased by a lot of costs, thus affecting the production costs of Chinese enterprises, the factory products will certainly increase. China's foreign exchange reserves, financial institutions, investment companies in the United States, mainly the bond investment. These financial institutions, the United States the event of bankruptcy, and its bonds and other investment products on the drastic slump in the value of market risk. Many U.S. banks in China, corporate banking, joint venture banks, financial institutions, such as equity participation. If these companies sell a large amount of assets in China, a lot of money out from the Department, the short-term impact of China's foreign exchange market is also larger
. In addition, the psychological impact on investors. Although China's direct foreign investment into the financial markets have control, but the psychology is inseparable conduction. Meeting credit crisis, China's export company, providing services for export will be affected by the performance of the company, which indirectly affect the local financial income, employment, such as Zhejiang, Guangdong's GDP fell faster.

有关金融危机的英语作文

2. 关于金融危机的英语短文

Financial crisis is generated by speculators but everyone has to pay the price for it. Speculators who are from the group of 1% people of the world, who has been monopolized the world’s financial and economy since war world II through US and UK influences.
 After physical war world II, smart business men start to realize that robbing fortune from other peoples don’t need to go through physical attack such as war, simply creating financial crisis which will rob huge fortune legally will do. Playing around the world economy and financial on their fingers, through financial tools such as forward and future contracts for currencies and commodities, control the publicity on financial analysis and economy report on various medias, peoples are fooled by these group of speculators into believing their lies and falling into their financial traps including governments. 
Nowadays, peoples started to accept financial crisis as natural disaster such as earthquake, tsunami,.. All of these are created by god to test them and to make them stronger.
Stupid governments of course will be very willing to push all the financial crisis problems and blames to god rather than learn a lesson from it. Besides, some of the governments’ VIP had been paid to become a helping hand to the financial crisis too.  Some business tycoons know about this secret but they also part of the speculators who make tones of money from it too. 
Democracy in US and UK is not a perfect model because the laws and rules and regulation in properties, commodities, shares and financial markets are set to protect the fortune of the rich rather to be fair and clean to all people.
Future and forward contracts are fake contracts, but they can be speculated to control the actual and spot contracts’ market price. This happened in foreign currencies exchange rate and commodities price such as oil and gold.
Lots of things need to be done in order to stabilize the financial market in order to maintain proper growth in developing countries. Appropriate financial and economy knowledge must be taught in the education system just like mathematic start from kinder garden.

3. 金融危机英语短文

Lasting more than one years, the American housing market crisis gradually extended to the whole financial system to be a financial crisis all over the world, in which progress every conuntry is included.
Being customed by market economy, most western countries are not convenient to rely on the government input to survive this crisis, but they have no other alternatives.
Basicly, there are at least two things for governments to do in this crisis. First, enough fund should be prepared to ganrantee the stablity of the whole financial system. Maintaining the steady of the financial system is becoming one of the most important things in today's economic system because a healthy fiancial system is the basic of healthy financing and investment. It is difficult for the growth of the substantial economy with the lack of the financing support.
Second, there must be some changes in the whole financial system which should be organised by governments. If the traditional investment method is proved to be inefficient in current economic situation, the old financial system would require some improvement. For example, when the investment banks bankrupted in the financial crisis, the American government gave this organisation up soon to protect the investors as well as other financial institutions.
Moreover, many other measures thould be taken by governments including maintaining the stability for the commercial market and the normal life of residents referring to low unemployment.
Earthquake Kitagawa county for the 100-day mourning Kaijin

Today is the Wenchuan earthquake in 100 days Closure of Beichuan county from 17 until today, opening only for family members hold a memorial ceremony for the masses

Today is the Wenchuan earthquake in 100 days. For the convenience of their loved ones to hold a memorial ceremony, closed Kitagawa from the county seat 17 until today only open for ordinary people.


Yesterday afternoon, reporters rushed to Kitagawa, all the way to a pedestrian friendly bags, each faces a heavy, even when an acquaintance, and nodded with each other, or a "you come to the" greetings, there is no need to ask each other What to do, because we have put in the hands of the same things: Xiangla paper money. Everyone carefully avoiding mention of dead loved ones. Prior to this, Kitagawa has been the county seat around the barbed wire fence. In the county seat 23 kilometers away from the door Renjiaping usually forbidden to enter. Kitagawa miss their loved ones had to climb across the King of Jiashan, a distance of the town burning paper money.

金融危机英语短文

4. 关于应对危机困难的英语作文

One of the main problems the world is facing today is the energy crisis. With the development of industry and agriculture, the world has consumed a great amount of energy. But all this energy has gone forever. Therefore, energy supplies are becoming short, in other words, all forms of energy willbe exhausted in future.
      However, energy is of great importance to us. We can hardly imagine how we could live in a world without energy.We wouldn't be able to drive our cars and listen to our favourite music. Moreover, the night would become dark all the time. In short, once we lose all the energy resources, we will not be able to exist in the world.
      Therefore, conserving our energy is an important task.We must take active measures to protect our energy resources.On the one hand, we should use our energy reasonably;on the other hand, we should instruct our people not to waste energy so that we will be able to send a good gift——energy, to our next generation.

5. 作文金融危机

简论2008经济危机的根本原因 
根本原因是虚拟经济与实体经济的不对称。包括经济总量的不对称以及经济结构的不对称。而为什么会出现虚拟经济与实体经济的不对称,是早期马克思已经得出的结论:资本主义发展的必然结果。 
1,从主观上,资本主义追求资本效益的最大化,并越来越将实物经济资本化。而实物经济及实物经济增加有限,但资本主义欲望无限,虽然在当今已经做了自我控制,但资本主义贪婪的本性不变。当资本主义为了追求资本效益最大化而失控时,就产生了虚拟经济总量大于实物经济总量的结果。当这个结果不断增加以至于虚拟经济支撑不起实物经济时,经济危机就显现了。此外,由于资本主义追求效益最大化,而过渡将资本转移到高利润行业时,造成了低利润行业的资本匮乏,最终造成了虚拟经济与实物经济结构的失衡,这也能产生经济波动。 
2,从客观上,生产要素随着生产力的发展,其各要素比例也将随之调整。随着生产力的发展,在其他生产要素增长较小或负增长时(比如石油能源),资金的功能将弱化。这样就造成了资本主义经济的衰弱。长期以来,资本是强势的,这基于原料和能源的充足,以及劳动力的过剩。资本处于卖方市场,其他要素处于买方市场。随着资本的不断增加,并且这种增加大于其他要素需求时,强势的资本就衰弱了。 
2008年,由于前一周期的积累使得危机加剧显现,同时,生产要素尤其是原料和能源近几年发生较大的相对变量所致。 
2008经济危机 (2008-10-13 19:14:02) 
这个秋天比往年更萧条 
——2008经济危机 
你来自耶鲁,我来自哈佛 
工作在华尔街或光谷 
冬眠的熊醒来嘶吼 
人们惊恐地抛出手中的所有 
酒吧里挤满了失业的朋友 
我们还是上街走走 
到了政府门口,我打开烟盒 
点燃一支纽约1929 
泪水,无济于事的落下 
溅成,千瓣的玛格丽特 
那破碎的每一片都在询问: 
一定会来到的明天, 
会不会更好? 

全球金融系统正面临自1929年以来的最大危机。始于美国房地产次级抵押贷款市场的癣疥之疾,如何酿成全球性的深重危机?昔日翻云覆雨的华尔街何以脆弱不堪?政府之手和市场之手在这场危机中分别应扮演什么角色,如何挽救全球经济于既倒? 
次贷危机终于彻底打破了华尔街神话,继贝尔斯登中弹倒下之后,有着158年悠久历史的全美第四大投资银行雷曼兄弟也奄奄一息,无论是破产还是被施援,曾经声誉卓著的雷曼落到今日这步田地在战后金融史上绝对是具有指标意义的事件。因为这不是个案,而是系统性风险的大爆发。 
当前的世界,正在经历百年一遇的金融危机。 
什么是金融危机 
金融危机又称金融风暴,是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的全部或大部分金融指标(如:短期利率、货币资产、证券、房地产、土地(价格)、商业破产数和金融机构倒闭数)的急剧、短暂和超周期的恶化。 
金融危机可以分为货币危机、债务危机、银行危机等类型,其特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期,整个区域内货币币值出现幅度较大的贬值,经济总量与经济规模出现较大的损失,经济增长受到打击。往往伴随着企业大量倒闭,失业率提高,社会普遍的经济萧条,甚至有些时候伴随着社会动荡或国家政治层面的动荡。 
金融危机形成原因 
此次美国发生的金融危机,最根本原因是美国房价下跌引起的次级贷款对象的偿付能力下降。美国居民储蓄率却持续下降,当美国居民债台高筑难以支撑房市泡沫的时候,房市调整就在所难免,进而导致次级和优级浮动利率按揭贷款的拖欠率明显上升,无力还贷的房贷人越来越多。 
一旦这些按揭贷款被清收,便造成信贷损失。次贷危机愈演愈烈一发不可收拾,致使华尔街主要金融机构或者倒闭,或者被接管,华尔街辉煌的时代已经终告结束。 
9月15日,美国政府拒绝对雷曼兄弟施以援手,雷曼兄弟宣布寻求破产保护。次贷引发的金融危机还将深化,全球经济景气周期下行几乎成为定局。 
迄今为止,华尔街五大独立投行中,有三家在6个月内消失,更多的金融机构在等待命运的审判。一个终极问题产生了,全球金融资本主义是否已经走到穷途末路,政府应该更多地介入市场微观运作? 
贪婪与恐惧体现在次贷危机的各个环节,美国房地产抵押贷款的业内人士理查德·比特纳在《次贷危机真相》一书中揭开了可怕的真相——几乎在每个环节中都充斥了谎言与虚假的评估。美联储主席伯南克斥责,“近年相当一部分放贷是既不负责任也不谨慎的”,这在美联储主席的语言体系中,几乎是疯狂和不理性的同义语。 
但事实真相绝不如此简单,次贷危机不仅暴露出金融机构的疯狂,更暴露出美政府主导的经济发展模式的疯狂。美国的房地产贷款是支撑贷款消费的基础,购房者通过贷款购房,通过增值的房屋获得消费贷款,通过各种金融机构,房地产贷款产品被证券化后,出售到全世界——以房地产为中心形成贷款、消费、生产链条,以负债或者债权的形式,全球的美元资产源源不断地汇聚到美国。在房贷证券化链条中,美国政府隐性担保的房利美与房贷美起到了枢纽作用。 
不是吗?正是美国政府的插手,才让美国债券证券化市场在上世纪80年代后期蓬勃发展,正是利用房贷提振消费的举措,才让克林顿时代美国经济数据花团锦簇,正是美国政府的隐性担保,才让几十万亿的次贷产品通过两房行销全世界。可见,次贷危机不仅是金融资本市场幻梦的破灭,更是美国政府主导的金融资本主义拯救美国经济、拯救消费的国家政策的破产。如果说金融市场大溃败,也是美国政府与美式金融资本主义的共同溃败。 
美式金融市场的创新能力无可比拟,但任何一种金融市场都无法抵抗制度性的造假行为,而次贷危机恰恰显示出大面积的制度性造假行为,从评级机构到担保公司,无一幸免。 
在造假过程中,金融资产出现爆炸式增长。麦肯锡全球研究所(McKinsey Global Institute)称,全球金融资产占全球年度产出的比例,已从1980年的109%飙升至316%,2005年,全球核心资产存量已达140万亿美元。同期英国的金融资产比例从278%升至359%,美国则从303%升至405%。德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)首席执行官约瑟夫-阿克曼(Josef Ackermann)说:“我不再相信市场的自我修复能力”,政府接手两房、拯救贝尔斯登,说明政府的控制能力已经达到极限。 
次贷危机之后,国际金融市场将出现深刻变化。直观表现是,金融资产体量下挫,投资者越来越趋向保守。香港金融管理局总裁任志刚表示:“最终大家可能会发觉有需要回到基本去,再次认清资金融通的根本目的,而负责保障公众利益的监管机构也要意识到,最简单的方法长远来说可能更具成本效益。”实际上在说,我们不愿意上华尔街复杂到无人能懂的金融衍生品的当,金融市场的基本功能是融通资金,而不是让贪婪者得暴利。 
投资者开始自我保护,手握现金,投资最保守的资产,以求度过严冬:各个市场的投资者均缩减杠杆头寸;投资者转向现金和国债等安全资产。次贷危机,说明金融衍生品应该有明确的疆界,而金融市场趋向保守,是认可了保守的趋向。直至安然度过本轮由次贷引发的经济下行周期,全球金融市场才会重新掉头向上。 
那些曾经信奉美式金融创新制度的国家,会因此变得更加谨慎,他们原本就不信任难以掌控的复杂的金融体系,次贷危机将使他们看到失去监管的金融市场的破坏力,各国主权投资基金与金融创新会更加谨慎。 
但是,可以相信,金融资本主义不可能重回政府管制之路,而是会走向加强监管之路,否则,美国政府会继续帮助雷曼兄弟,以及受到破产威胁的几十家金融机构。可能的监管手段包括,收紧资本金要求,对金融机构的表外资产有更透明的要求,评级机构的失信评级将受到管制,对造假者的处罚会更严厉,谨慎对待金融市场中的政府信用担保。 
次贷危机是美式金融资本主义的刮骨疗毒过程,就像1929年大萧条催生了罗斯福新政,安然、世通破产催生了萨班斯法一样,次贷危机会催生新的管制手段、新的金融产品。 
* 对普通百姓来说,他们感受最深不是金融危机,而是经济放缓,没办法从银行借贷,信用卡没办法透支。

作文金融危机

6. 作文金融危机

简论2008经济危机的根本原因 
根本原因是虚拟经济与实体经济的不对称。包括经济总量的不对称以及经济结构的不对称。而为什么会出现虚拟经济与实体经济的不对称,是早期马克思已经得出的结论:资本主义发展的必然结果。 
1,从主观上,资本主义追求资本效益的最大化,并越来越将实物经济资本化。而实物经济及实物经济增加有限,但资本主义欲望无限,虽然在当今已经做了自我控制,但资本主义贪婪的本性不变。当资本主义为了追求资本效益最大化而失控时,就产生了虚拟经济总量大于实物经济总量的结果。当这个结果不断增加以至于虚拟经济支撑不起实物经济时,经济危机就显现了。此外,由于资本主义追求效益最大化,而过渡将资本转移到高利润行业时,造成了低利润行业的资本匮乏,最终造成了虚拟经济与实物经济结构的失衡,这也能产生经济波动。 
2,从客观上,生产要素随着生产力的发展,其各要素比例也将随之调整。随着生产力的发展,在其他生产要素增长较小或负增长时(比如石油能源),资金的功能将弱化。这样就造成了资本主义经济的衰弱。长期以来,资本是强势的,这基于原料和能源的充足,以及劳动力的过剩。资本处于卖方市场,其他要素处于买方市场。随着资本的不断增加,并且这种增加大于其他要素需求时,强势的资本就衰弱了。 
2008年,由于前一周期的积累使得危机加剧显现,同时,生产要素尤其是原料和能源近几年发生较大的相对变量所致。 
2008经济危机 (2008-10-13 19:14:02) 
这个秋天比往年更萧条 
——2008经济危机 
你来自耶鲁,我来自哈佛 
工作在华尔街或光谷 
冬眠的熊醒来嘶吼 
人们惊恐地抛出手中的所有 
酒吧里挤满了失业的朋友 
我们还是上街走走 
到了政府门口,我打开烟盒 
点燃一支纽约1929 
泪水,无济于事的落下 
溅成,千瓣的玛格丽特 
那破碎的每一片都在询问: 
一定会来到的明天, 
会不会更好? 

全球金融系统正面临自1929年以来的最大危机。始于美国房地产次级抵押贷款市场的癣疥之疾,如何酿成全球性的深重危机?昔日翻云覆雨的华尔街何以脆弱不堪?政府之手和市场之手在这场危机中分别应扮演什么角色,如何挽救全球经济于既倒? 
次贷危机终于彻底打破了华尔街神话,继贝尔斯登中弹倒下之后,有着158年悠久历史的全美第四大投资银行雷曼兄弟也奄奄一息,无论是破产还是被施援,曾经声誉卓著的雷曼落到今日这步田地在战后金融史上绝对是具有指标意义的事件。因为这不是个案,而是系统性风险的大爆发。 
当前的世界,正在经历百年一遇的金融危机。 
什么是金融危机 
金融危机又称金融风暴,是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的全部或大部分金融指标(如:短期利率、货币资产、证券、房地产、土地(价格)、商业破产数和金融机构倒闭数)的急剧、短暂和超周期的恶化。 
金融危机可以分为货币危机、债务危机、银行危机等类型,其特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期,整个区域内货币币值出现幅度较大的贬值,经济总量与经济规模出现较大的损失,经济增长受到打击。往往伴随着企业大量倒闭,失业率提高,社会普遍的经济萧条,甚至有些时候伴随着社会动荡或国家政治层面的动荡。 
金融危机形成原因 
此次美国发生的金融危机,最根本原因是美国房价下跌引起的次级贷款对象的偿付能力下降。美国居民储蓄率却持续下降,当美国居民债台高筑难以支撑房市泡沫的时候,房市调整就在所难免,进而导致次级和优级浮动利率按揭贷款的拖欠率明显上升,无力还贷的房贷人越来越多。 
一旦这些按揭贷款被清收,便造成信贷损失。次贷危机愈演愈烈一发不可收拾,致使华尔街主要金融机构或者倒闭,或者被接管,华尔街辉煌的时代已经终告结束。 
9月15日,美国政府拒绝对雷曼兄弟施以援手,雷曼兄弟宣布寻求破产保护。次贷引发的金融危机还将深化,全球经济景气周期下行几乎成为定局。 
迄今为止,华尔街五大独立投行中,有三家在6个月内消失,更多的金融机构在等待命运的审判。一个终极问题产生了,全球金融资本主义是否已经走到穷途末路,政府应该更多地介入市场微观运作? 
贪婪与恐惧体现在次贷危机的各个环节,美国房地产抵押贷款的业内人士理查德·比特纳在《次贷危机真相》一书中揭开了可怕的真相——几乎在每个环节中都充斥了谎言与虚假的评估。美联储主席伯南克斥责,“近年相当一部分放贷是既不负责任也不谨慎的”,这在美联储主席的语言体系中,几乎是疯狂和不理性的同义语。 
但事实真相绝不如此简单,次贷危机不仅暴露出金融机构的疯狂,更暴露出美政府主导的经济发展模式的疯狂。美国的房地产贷款是支撑贷款消费的基础,购房者通过贷款购房,通过增值的房屋获得消费贷款,通过各种金融机构,房地产贷款产品被证券化后,出售到全世界——以房地产为中心形成贷款、消费、生产链条,以负债或者债权的形式,全球的美元资产源源不断地汇聚到美国。在房贷证券化链条中,美国政府隐性担保的房利美与房贷美起到了枢纽作用。 
不是吗?正是美国政府的插手,才让美国债券证券化市场在上世纪80年代后期蓬勃发展,正是利用房贷提振消费的举措,才让克林顿时代美国经济数据花团锦簇,正是美国政府的隐性担保,才让几十万亿的次贷产品通过两房行销全世界。可见,次贷危机不仅是金融资本市场幻梦的破灭,更是美国政府主导的金融资本主义拯救美国经济、拯救消费的国家政策的破产。如果说金融市场大溃败,也是美国政府与美式金融资本主义的共同溃败。 
美式金融市场的创新能力无可比拟,但任何一种金融市场都无法抵抗制度性的造假行为,而次贷危机恰恰显示出大面积的制度性造假行为,从评级机构到担保公司,无一幸免。 
在造假过程中,金融资产出现爆炸式增长。麦肯锡全球研究所(McKinsey Global Institute)称,全球金融资产占全球年度产出的比例,已从1980年的109%飙升至316%,2005年,全球核心资产存量已达140万亿美元。同期英国的金融资产比例从278%升至359%,美国则从303%升至405%。德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)首席执行官约瑟夫-阿克曼(Josef Ackermann)说:“我不再相信市场的自我修复能力”,政府接手两房、拯救贝尔斯登,说明政府的控制能力已经达到极限。 
次贷危机之后,国际金融市场将出现深刻变化。直观表现是,金融资产体量下挫,投资者越来越趋向保守。香港金融管理局总裁任志刚表示:“最终大家可能会发觉有需要回到基本去,再次认清资金融通的根本目的,而负责保障公众利益的监管机构也要意识到,最简单的方法长远来说可能更具成本效益。”实际上在说,我们不愿意上华尔街复杂到无人能懂的金融衍生品的当,金融市场的基本功能是融通资金,而不是让贪婪者得暴利。 
投资者开始自我保护,手握现金,投资最保守的资产,以求度过严冬:各个市场的投资者均缩减杠杆头寸;投资者转向现金和国债等安全资产。次贷危机,说明金融衍生品应该有明确的疆界,而金融市场趋向保守,是认可了保守的趋向。直至安然度过本轮由次贷引发的经济下行周期,全球金融市场才会重新掉头向上。 
那些曾经信奉美式金融创新制度的国家,会因此变得更加谨慎,他们原本就不信任难以掌控的复杂的金融体系,次贷危机将使他们看到失去监管的金融市场的破坏力,各国主权投资基金与金融创新会更加谨慎。 
但是,可以相信,金融资本主义不可能重回政府管制之路,而是会走向加强监管之路,否则,美国政府会继续帮助雷曼兄弟,以及受到破产威胁的几十家金融机构。可能的监管手段包括,收紧资本金要求,对金融机构的表外资产有更透明的要求,评级机构的失信评级将受到管制,对造假者的处罚会更严厉,谨慎对待金融市场中的政府信用担保。 
次贷危机是美式金融资本主义的刮骨疗毒过程,就像1929年大萧条催生了罗斯福新政,安然、世通破产催生了萨班斯法一样,次贷危机会催生新的管制手段、新的金融产品。 
* 对普通百姓来说,他们感受最深不是金融危机,而是经济放缓,没办法从银行借贷,信用卡没办法透支。

7. 求一片关于经济危机对我们的影响的英语作文

The year, 2009, is absolutely special to us the senior 3 students, because we are sitting for the National University Entrance Examination before long. Besides, the global financial crisis is continuing, resulting in the serious unemployment through the world.



During the special time, we have to consider the university majors we are going to apply for, which were more or less infulenced by the crisis. As a result, some questions always run in our minds. For example, how to apply for the majiot in the future? What kind of major can help us get rid of or avoid such crisis?



    However, it is almost three months away form the examination and application. Above everything else, nowadays we must devote ourselves to study, and try our best to become qualified students. Only in this way can we achieve our ideal to make great contributions to our society

求一片关于经济危机对我们的影响的英语作文

8. 英语作文金融危机给市场供需带来的影响

What Caused The Financial CrisisI think we can sum up the cause of our current economic crisis in one word — GREED. Over the years, mortgage lenders were happy to lend money to people who couldn’t afford their mortgages. But they did it anyway because there was nothing to lose. These lenders were able to charge higher interest rates and make more money on sub-prime loans. If the borrowers default, they simply seized the house and put it back on the market. On top of that, they were able to pass the risk off to mortgage insurer or package these mortgages as mortgage-backed securities. Easy money!and what went wrong with our financial system The whole thing was one big scheme. Everything was great when houses were selling like hot cakes and their values go up every month. Lenders made it easier to borrow money, and the higher demand drove up house values. Higher house values means that lenders could lend out even bigger mortgages, and it also gave lenders some protection against foreclosures. All of this translates into more money for the lenders, insurers, and investors. Unfortunately, many borrowers got slammed when their adjustable mortgage finally adjusted. When too many of them couldn’t afford to make their payments, it causes these lenders to suffer from liquidity issue and to sit on more foreclosures than they could sell. Mortgage-backed securities became more risky and worth less causing investment firms like Lehman Brothers to suffer. Moreover, insurers like AIG who insured these bad mortgages also got in trouble.The scheme worked well, but it reverses course and is now coming back to hurt everyone with a vengeance.